Foreword
1. Introduction
2. Evolution of the IMF’s Institutional Approach to Fiscal Policy Advice
3. Multilateral Surveillance
4. Bilateral Surveillance
5. Main Findings
6. Recommendations
Annex 1. Fiscal-Related Findings from Previous IEO Evaluations
Annex 2. List of Background Papers
Annex 3. Key Policy Reviews and Guidance Notes that Determined the Perimeter of the Fund’s Fiscal Policy Advice
Annex 4. FAD Support to Surveillance and Review
Annex 5. Enterprise Risk Assessment
Statement by the Managing Director on the IEO Evaluation
Summing Up of the Executive Board Discussion
1. IMF Fiscal Policy Advice to Advanced Economies
Series Number: BP/25-01/01
Authors: Jérémie Cohen-Setton and Peter Montiel
2. The IMF’s Fiscal Policy Advice to Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies
Series Number: BP/25-01/02
Authors: José Antonio Ocampo and Edda Zoli
3. The IMF’s Fiscal Policy Advice to Low-Income Countries
Series Number: BP/25-01/03
Authors: Anthony De Lannoy and Chris Lane
4. IMF Advice on Fiscal Policy—Selected Issues
Series Number: BP/25-01/04
Authors: Jérémie Cohen-Setton, Barry Eichengreen, Poonam Gupta, Sanjeev Gupta, Peter Montiel, and Edda Zoli
4. Chapter 1—IMF Tools and Analysis Underpinning Fiscal Policy Advice, 2008–23Series Number: BP/25-01/04Authors: Jeremie Cohen-Setton, Peter Montiel, and Edda Zoli
4. Chapter 2—The IMF’s Advice on Fiscal Rules and InstitutionsSeries Number: BP/25-01/04Authors: Barry Eichengreen and Poonam Gupta
4. Chapter 3—The IMF’s Advice on Public Debt ManagementSeries Number: BP/25-01/04Authors: Barry Eichengreen and Edda Zoli
4. Chapter 4—Military Spending in IMF Fiscal Policy AdviceSeries Number: BP/25-01/04Author: Sanjeev Gupta
5. Reading the Fund: A Systematic Analysis of IMF Fiscal Advice Using Large Language Models
Series Number: BP/25-01/05
Authors: Jantsankhorloo Amgalan, Jérémie Cohen-Setton, and Anton Korinek
IEO Releases Evaluation of the IMF Advice on Fiscal Policy
1. Methodological and Statistical Online Appendix
2. Reading the Fund Online Appendix
